Reference codes in Germany

Archive · Originally published 2018-08-30
Editorially revised on 8 November 2026. This page records an earlier topic; follow the current guide below for present-day advice.

The issue

German references often use established evaluative wording, but there is no reliable universal dictionary that resolves every phrase in isolation.

How to read this today

Assess the overall document, the role, omitted material and the factual basis for the evaluation. Hidden messages are prohibited. A purported code list can be misleading when applied mechanically.

Practical context

For a correction request, identify the specific passage and proposed wording. Gather appraisals, role descriptions and other relevant evidence rather than relying only on an internet list of grades.

Current guidance

Read the current topic guide · Return to the annual archive